SYNERGY requires original scholarship and accurate acknowledgement of sources. Plagiarism includes presenting another person’s text, ideas, data, financial models, tables, or figures as one’s own.

Author responsibilities

• Cite the source of quotations, paraphrases, datasets, instruments, and analytical frameworks.
• Identify reused material from earlier publications and explain how the submission makes a distinct contribution.
• Obtain permissions where required and accurately report the provenance of economic and financial data.
• Do not submit purchased manuscripts or work produced through fraudulent authorship arrangements.

Assessment

Editors assess overlap in context, considering attribution, the nature of the material, and its significance. A similarity percentage alone does not establish originality or misconduct. Authors may be asked to explain overlap or revise the manuscript.

Substantial unattributed copying or other serious integrity concerns may lead to rejection or investigation of a published article. Post-publication action follows the correction and retraction procedure.